The Affordable Care Act (ACA) Essay - 639 Words

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) President Barack Obama signed the Affordable Care Act, into law on March 23rd 2010. Congress had tried for decades to pass health care reform, beginning with President Franklin Roosevelt. â€Å"Following President Obama’s inauguration, he used Democrat control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate to enact health care reform legislation, and granted the federal government control of over 16% of our nations economy† (Taylor 3). The law states that every American citizen is mandated to purchase health insurance. â€Å"If you choose not to obtain Health Insurance by January 2014, you will be penalized $95, or 1% of your income-whichever is greater† (Taylor 5). â€Å"The penalty rate for non-compliance will†¦show more content†¦The small business owner that has 25 or fewer employees, and provides health insurance for them, the owner will receive tax credits to ease the burden of the cost. The small business owner will receive 50% tax credit f or a profit business and 35% tax credit for non-profit businesses. There are four different levels of insurance that the consumer has the option to choose from. The Bronze level is the cheapest and will provide 60% of benefits under the health plan. Next, is the Silver level that will provide 70% of benefits, and the cost is more expensive. Next, is the Gold level that provides 80 % of benefits, and costs is still more expensive. The Platinum level is the highest, which provides 90% of benefits, and is the most expensive of all the health plans. â€Å"Under ObamaCare, your primary point of contact regarding health insurance and health care services will be your state health exchange† (Taylor 40). Medicaid services will be expanded to consumers with incomes less than $14,000 person annually or family’s income less than $29,000 annually. At the market place insurance companies will compete against one another, which will benefit the consumer. The insurance companies that charge higher rates than their competitors will be driven out of bu siness. The government will provide tax credits to consumers that have an annual income from 14,000 toShow MoreRelatedThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )956 Words   |  4 PagesAbsract++++++++++++++++++++++++++= The Affordable Care Act (ACA) (also known as â€Å"Obamacare†) is an historic piece of legislation that has had massive effect on healthcare in the United States. Its systemic effects on healthcare in this country are numberous, from insurance to ambulatory care, from healthcare related taxes to healthcare resources, and beyond. That said, the following research paper attempts to summarize how this massive piece of legislation has effected healthcare in the UnitedRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )784 Words   |  4 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been a primary debate topic since it was enacted in 2010. The conservatives completely disagree with the Affordable Care Act and believe that â€Å"Democrats used it as an assertion of power than they used it to improve health care conditions† (â€Å"Republican Views on Health Care†, 2014). They believe that the act was a waste of taxpayer’s dollars and would inevitably ruin our health care syste m. In contrast, the liberals supported the ACA and â€Å"pride themselves on the factRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1668 Words   |  7 PagesOn March 23,2010 the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, was signed into law. This act aims to provide affordable health care coverage for all United States citizens. â€Å"The Affordable Care Act affirms the core principle that everybody should have some basic security when it comes to their health care.† (President Obama) It will provide insurance to more than thirty million people who have been previously uninsured, and will be achieved by expanding Medicaid and extending federal subsidiesRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as ObamaCare, is a United States law that was signed by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010 and upheld by the Supreme Court on June 28, 2012. This Act was set to reform both healthcare and health insuranc e industries in the United States. It aims to lower cost on coverage, add new benefits, and a few new taxes. Increasing the quality, availability, and affordability of private and public health insurance are very important roles of the ACA. While tryingRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1349 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2010 the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, was signed into act to help reform healthcare in the United States. Before and after the act was effective, many people were concerned with how it would affect our country as a whole and on an individual basis. Many people say that the ACA is helping our country and others are not so sure. The goal of the act is to give millions of uninsured Americans access to quality health care and by also making it more affordable. Although thereRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) is a health reform law that was signed by President Barrack Obama on March 23, 2010. The full name of the law is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). One week later the President also signed a law called the Health Care Education and Reconciliation Act (HCERA), which was a supplement that made several changes the PPACA. What the country currently refers to as the ACA or Obamacare is both of these laws combined. (McDonough, 2012) Many AmericansRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act (ACA)1156 Words   |  5 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) will cause a large influx of patients into the health care system. For a variety of reasons, this will change how the front-line health care personnel provide care. Nurses will expand his or her scope and territory of care. Front line providers will change to include more advanced practice nurses because of the national shortage of primary care providers (Department Of Health And Human Services, 2014). No longer will they just practice in brick and mortar hospitalsRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesSince the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or ‘Obamacare’ in 2010 and its implementation in 2014,there has been a steady decline in the uninsured population of the United States of America. The number of Americans with health insurance, has reached a historic peak. According to recent data from the Census Bureau about he alth insurance coverage, the number of uninsured Americans fell from 33 million the year prior to ACA implementation to 29 million in 2014.The total uninsured rate droppedRead MoreAffordable Care Act ( Aca )1576 Words   |  7 PagesAffordable Care Act (ACA), often known as Obamacare, was signed by President Obama in 2010. The goal of the Act is to increase the number of individuals with health insurance to the point where all Americans are insured by providing quality healthcare at an affordable price. Despite its good intent, the ACA is not as perfect as it may appear. In this paper, I will list the main features of the Act, its pros and cons, and how it affects you as an individual and discuss the King vs. Burwell lawsuitRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )890 Words   |  4 PagesOn March 23, 2010, the Affordable Care Act which is an Obamacare, is the United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) experienced many challenges, debates, and objections until the Supreme Court rendered a final decision on individual mandate healthcare insurance to uphold the health care law on June 28, 2012. The mandate healthcare insurance for workers by employers’ obligation through a regulated marketplace of health maintenance organizations

Starbucks Facing Brand Culture Devaluation and Massive Layoffs Free Essays

Starbucks facing brand culture devaluation and massive layoffs To: Howard Schultz, Starbucks From: Yang LU, Aspire CC: Rui DONG Xiaochen DONG Vanessa BAXTER Pushpak BERIWAL Executive summary The aim of this report is to find out the deep-seated reason for this depression of Starbucks and give a recommendation to the firm to deal with it. Furthermore, this report also suggests solutions to dismiss the panic of the staff and remains the excellent performance. The key findings include: Finding 1: The over-expansion made Starbucks’ unique culture of the â€Å"Starbucks experience† devalued and seemed no difference with other fast food restaurants. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Facing Brand Culture Devaluation and Massive Layoffs or any similar topic only for you Order Now This caused employees’ less well performance and therefore it lost customers’ loyalty as well. Finding 2:The employees felt dissatisfied with the rewards and treated customers with less effort while the unacceptable massive layoffs made a panic. The recommendations suggested by this report include: Recommendation 1:â€Å"Decentralization†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Remove number of outlets away from each other and slow down the pace of opening new stores in the US or concentrate on the unexploited market space in other countries. Recommendation 2:Increasing the compensation given to the members asked to leave and suggesting them do some other suitable jobs. The firm can also make a promise that these employees would be considered first when hiring candidates in the future after the most difficult times. Furthermore, keep the employees’ payment stable and hold some activities inspiring to promote people to tide Starbucks over difficulties together. This report describes the findings after applying theories to analyse the issue which claimed the trouble that Starbucks was facing. For years, Starbucks was famous for its consistent growing and expansion. However, the both share price and sales fell even three times than before since 2008. The â€Å"Starbucks experience† (Michelle, 2007) was widely supposed to have been diluted and the customers complained that the staff seemed to be less complaisant since they found Starbucks Ubiquitous. A resource from MarketWatch: Global Round-up (2008) reported that Starbucks had been forced to close 600 US stores and axe 12,000 jobs which took almost 7% of its global workforce which had made negative effect on other employees. The aim of the report is to find out the deep-seated reason for this depression and give a recommendation to the firm to deal with it. Furthermore, this report also suggests solutions to dismiss the panic of the staff and remain the performance. Key issues identified by Aspire | Key issue| Champion| | Over-expansion caused Starbucks’ brand devaluation and massive layoffs. | Yang Lu| 2| Starbucks’ two non-payment methods of motivating employees. | Rui Dong| 3| Starbucks changed people-oriented culture into profit-oriented culture. | Xiaochen Dong| 4| Kraft foods taking Starbucks to court over the planned termination of its contract to distribute Starbucks packaged coffee. | Vanessa Baxter| 5| Starbucks is a very command and control driven compa ny which leads to very little flexibility and decision making power at certain regional stores. Pushpak Beriwal| Justification of key issues over-expansion caused culture devaluation and massive layoffs Fast-forward 20 years, Starbucks had more than 10,000 American outlets till 2008 from only 84 US stores in 1990 (Smale, 2008). This sharply increased number made Starbucks seem to be omnipresent like other fast food stores. As a result, this change took a negative effect that the members in this group feel less proud of their jobs in Starbucks which was famous for its unique culture and therefore had less passion to satisfy the customers. From Schein’s (2004) theory of culture components, Starbucks fell to the basic level of culture instead of the highest one it got before. Starbucks finally cut over 10,000 jobs which were most in the US in the last two years during the reforming and also cut the employees’ compensation and holiday (Kiley, 2009). By Maslow’s (1970) â€Å"a hierarchy of needs†, Starbucks could not make staff satisfied by the physiological needs and de-motivated other members. The dissatisfied emotion would reflect on their performance. Findings from analyzing issue over-expansion caused brand devaluation and massive layoffs Starbucks was famous for the unique culture that to give all the customers the relaxed feel and atmosphere as a third place out of home and office which called â€Å"Starbucks experience†. This culture is in the second and near the third level of the â€Å"components of cultures† with espoused beliefs and values and basic underlying assumptions which was identified by Schein (2004). Starbucks published its beliefs and values to make the members love their jobs and enjoy the experience in Starbucks to treat customers with their heart and satisfy them and to attract new members or partners to join in the group through the unique brand culture. Guided by market, Yang (2010) has provided evidence that brand culture was aims at achieving the maximization of organizations’ profits obtained and customers’ loyalty by establishing common values which could influence the movements and behavior of the members within a company based on the amalgamation of consumers’ value and company. However, the expansion without limitation made a trouble. Although the purpose at first was to make the â€Å"Starbucks experience† penetrate everywhere through the expansion, the company was making stores feel more like hip neighborhood coffeehouse which deviated from its original intention. Starbucks had lost it focus and made a dilution of the â€Å"Starbucks experience†. For the reason that the worth of a thing is best known by the want of it, the value of the culture and brand image went down. The â€Å"cannibalising† (Smale, 2008) sales between branches only a short distance from each other made employees feel less honored to work in this firm or group and the less enthusiasm to satisfy the customers came as a serious consequence. According to Schein’s (2004) theories on culture components, Starbucks only reached the first level of the components â€Å"artefacts† which observed the decorative style and visible products to survive the situation with ubiquitous competition instead of making the ustomers always come first. The â€Å"Starbucks experience† was viewed same as McDonald’s and other fast food stores who also sold coffee through such a market saturation. Organizational culture sees culture comprising a number of variables, the combination of which lead to observable differences between organizations so that a company can have power to compete with others (Barry et al. 2000). To get back what made Starbucks successful Starbucks cut a great number of stores and announced massive layoffs for reforming. However, this would make the employees undertake the responsibilities and suffer the pain. At the same time, the sudden occurrence as the adjustment in the contract with the employees is both inevitable and a source of trouble, especially it made employees feel that they expected far more than they got and worse off (Kolb et al. 1991, p. 6). According to the theory â€Å"a hierarchy of needs† which developed by Maslow (1970), individuals experience a range of needs and will be motivated to fulfill need which is most powerful at that time. The first level is physiological needs and if this need is dominant for a person they can satisfy it by having a regular job which can keep consistent. But the employees forced to leave Starbucks could not be satisfied by the basic needs. Furthermore, the firm de-motivated the left members at the same time by cutting the employees’ compensation and holiday. Vroom’s (1964) expectancy model theory of motivation explicitly recognized that outcomes with high expectations and neutral or even unsatisfied achievements would reduce the amount of effort the staff is going to invest. By understanding Vroom’s theory, the firm would get less contribution from its employees by the lower reward, which would reflect the staffs’ less enthusiasm when treating the customers. This also made every member in the firm feel upset and panicky. When the employees believed that they were not receiving payments commensurate with their performance, effort or ability then they worked less hard (Hauenstein and Lord, 1989), and became more selfish (Harder, 1992) and felt dissatisfied with their jobs in this firm (Carr et al. 1996). Conclusion To sum up, Starbucks faced the trouble that the unlimited expansion has made its famous experience culture diluted and lost a number of customers’ loyalty. To make the matter worse, a great number of layoff was claimed so that the firm also lost the loyalty of its members. The main aim of the report is to help Starbucks to revalue the culture and put Starbucks’ unique image back to high position into customers’ heart. In addition, suggestions are given to motivate employees. Culture is the soul of a firm which gives the company power to survive and compete with other business. Recommendations For the first finding that the over-expansion made Starbucks devalue the unique culture of the â€Å"Starbucks experience†, a suggestion of â€Å"decentralization† can be given. Remove number of outlets away from each other and slow down the pace of opening new stores in the US or concentrate on the unexploited market space in other countries. The other finding that the employees felt dissatisfied with the rewards and treated customers with less effort while the unacceptable massive layoffs made a panic can be solved by increasing the compensation given to the members asked to leave and suggesting them some other suitable jobs. The firm can also make a promise that these employees would be considered first when hiring candidates in the future after the most difficult times. Furthermore, keep the employees’ payment stable and hold some activities inspiring to promote people to tide Starbucks over difficulties together. Reference list MICHELLI, J. A. (2007) The Starbucks experience: 5 principles for turning ordinary into extraordinary. New York: McGraw-Hill MARKETWATCH: GLOBAL ROUND-UP. (2008) Starbucks: hoping store cuts will reinvigorate US business. WWW] MARKETWATCH. Available from: http://ehis. ebscohost. com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? hid=109amp;sid=30997753-d45f-4afd-bfc9-6c6be4a48faa%40sessionmgr111amp;vid=4 [Accessed 30/11/10]. SMALE, W. (2008) Why Starbucks’ sales have gone cold. Business reporter, BBC News, 1st Feb. SCHEIN, E. (2004) Organization Culture and Leadership. 3rd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. KILEY, D. (2009) Starbucks Cuts More Stores and Workers Amidst Recession and Lower Earnings. Bloomberg Businessweek, 28th Jan. MASLOW, A. 1970) Motivation and Personality. 2nd ed. New York: Harper ;amp; Row. YANG, Y. K. (2010) The Construction of Brand Culture Based on Corporate Culture. International Journal of Business ;amp; Management, Vol. 5 (4), pp. 223-226. BARRY, J. et al. (2000) Organization and management: a critical text. London: Thomson Learning. KOLB, D. , RUBIN, E. and OSLAND, J. (1991) Organizational Psychology. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. VROOM, V. H. (1964) Work and Motivation. New York: Wiley. HAUENSTEIN, N. M. and LORD, R. G. 1989) The effects of final offer arbitration on the performance of major league baseball players: a test of equity theory. Human Performance, 2 HARDER, J. W. (1992) Play for pay: effects of inequity in a pay for performance context. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37 CARR, S. C. et al. (1996) Effects of unreasonable pay discrepancies for under and overpayment on double demotivation. Genetic, Social and General Psych ology Monograpghs, 122 (4). BELBIN, R. M. (1993) Team Roles at Work. Oxford: Butterworth/Heinemann. Word count: 1332 words How to cite Starbucks Facing Brand Culture Devaluation and Massive Layoffs, Papers

Haematology Modern Hospitals and Clinics

Question: Discuss about case study Haematology for Modern Hospitals and Clinics. Answer: Introduction In modern hospitals and clinics, clinical automated haematology analysers have replaced the traditional manual method. The automated medical laboratory instruments designed to diagnose physiological, clinical or pathological conditions more accurate and faster, by measuring various chemicals and observe characteristics with a minimal human assistance. Basic automated haematology cell counters provide a complete count of Red blood cells, the mean red cell volume, white blood cells, the haemoglobin concentration as well as the hematocrit values. However, some conditions prevent the right measurement of biochemical or cellular indices of a full blood count and therefore the haematology analysers produce false results in several instances (Scoffin, 2014). The report deals with conditions where haematology analysers incorrectly measure FBC indices ad provides solutions to resolve them. Later a conclusion is drawn based on the discussion. In this report, a thorough literature review is per formed to support the facts. Discussion Despite the advantages of the automated haematology analyzers, there is a need of qualified clinical laboratory professionals to evaluate the results and minimise the errors. The cell counts produced by automated analyzers may have increased or decreased falsely. They are not accurate in differentiating nucleated red blood cells and the tiny platelet clumps. Sometimes the clumps of platelets are misclassified as lymphocytes, leukocytes. While sometimes, nucleated RBCs are misclassified as white blood cells and lymphocytes are classified as vulnerable (Brugnara, 2015). In the subsequent sections, different conditions, which are falsely reported by hematology analysers, are discussed. Anemia leads to decrease in RBCs, which mainly occurs due to acute haemorrhage, hemolysis, and ineffective hematopoiesis. In autoimmune haemolytic anemia RBCs are bound to antibodies, which are not well differentiated from the normal RBCs by hematalogy analysers, therefore accurate FBC is not provided (Brugnara, 2015). The Howell-jolly bodies are tiny fragmented parts of red cell nucleus appear as dark dots found in patient with splenectomies. On the other hand, Heinz bodies are formed due to G6PD deficiency where the denatured globins proteins stick to the RBC membrane. Hematology analysers are not specific in differentiation of Howell-jolly bodies and Heinz bodies. The former commonly represent platelets in structure resulting in increased count of platelets (Murphy, 2015). Microcytosis or schistocytosis are misdiagnosed due to underestimation of RBCs as the lower threshold of RBC counting window is greater than microcyte size. Thalassemia trait and anemia are common causes of micr ocytosis (Ozcelik et al., 2012). In addition, Cold agglutinins is the condition characterised by higher concentration of IgM targeted against RBCs also called as cold-reacting autoabntibodies. It is also known as autoimmune haemolytic anemia. When the RBC doublets and triplets increase the volume of the cell, RBCs are estimated as macrocytosis and are misdiagnosed as cold agglutinins (Urrechaga et al., 2013). Most haematologists misdiagnose Gauchers disease as patients can be presented with any combination of thrombocytpenia and anemia (Burnett et al., 2016). This disease is mostly misdiagnosed as leukaemia and multiple myeloma. Thrombocytopenia is the abnormally deficiency of platelet count in the blood. This condition occurs because of a separate disorder (Shihabi, 2006). A few paradigms are acute leukemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, cirrhosis, myelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia (Gersten, 2016). The automated analyzers may underestimate the platelet count in such thrombocytopenic specimens and result to misdiagnosis, due to platelet clumping, the aggregates may be identified as leukocyte (Murphy, 2015). Moreover, cryoglobulinemia occurs in a high rate in autoimmune disorders such as, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and infectious disorders such as, multiple myeloma and hepatitis C infection (Fujino et al., 2013). Cryoglobilins precipitate wh en the body temperature is low, therefore the protein precipitates will be identified as platelets in the analyzer and result in a pseudo-thrombocytopenia (Shihabi, 2006). Furthermore, acute leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and viral infections may erroneously lower white blood cells. This phenomenon is believed to be caused from the increased fragility of leukocytes, including immature forms. In addition, cryoproteins, heparin, paraproteins, giant platelets, nucleated RBCs, platelet clumping and incomplete red cell lysis can falsely elevate WBC count by increasing significantly the rate. Moreover, the etiology of inauthentic decrease in WBC count owns to the fact of smudge cells, clotting, uremia and immunosuppressants (Wilkins, 2003). Conclusively, new advanced haematology analysers are essential which can eliminate these limitations of traditional analysers. This misdiagnosis will result in increased death rate due to delayed treatment and severe medical errors. Figure: 1 Disorders reducing the accuracy of cell count (Source: www.aafp.org) Solutions to resolve the conditions The modern haematology analysers are more advance and are developed to minimise the errors caused by false reports generated by traditional analysers. The new VCSn technology incorporated in the latest haematology analysers allows several cell measurements in addition to volume and conductivity (Fujino et al., 2013). These analysers are capable of accessing data from multiple histograms. The information can be used in multiple combinations and dozens of histograms can be generated. It assists in better differentiation of various components of cells. The new analysers containing the VCSn data can be used across several modules including differential, reticulocyte and nRBC modules which improves counting and detection of important cellular elements. These are found to have greater accuracy and precise CBC-diff (Chaves, 2016). In addition, new analysers are equipped with algorithms employing the data fusion technology (Chaves, 2016). This allows the combination of multiple sources of information collected from different modules and identification of patterns indicating the presence of cellular elements, which was not possible using analysers that uses single module (Brugnara, 2015). This minimises the samples being flagged for the interfering particle therefore accurate results are obtained in a first attempt. New analysers provide several histograms with the help of two of the new angles of light scatter such as Axial light loss (AL2) and low angle light scatter (RLALS). This are applicable in nRBC count and can differentiate the causes of several cellular interference in the WBC count such as nRBCs, giant platetlets, platelet aggregation, intra-cellular parasites. The data fusion technology eliminates the requirement of manual labour of sample review and professionals to correct the WBC count (See figure 1 below). This functions because giant platelets are recognised by platelet measurement information and NRBC module and the WBC algorithm correlates this with detected interference. According to (Wu, J., Buhl Vacca, 2015) polarised light measurement are accurate in differentiating neutrophils and eosinophils. Eosinophils are able to disturb the polarisation of the laser beam. Use of fluorescence by nuclear stains have accelerated with the advancement in optical technology advance and found to be highly efficient in enumeration of nucleated RBCs. In addition, the platelet analysis has been found to be less prone to interference. It was found from the study of Zhao et al., (2014), that multi-angle light scatter and florescent dyes have been a great success in enhancing the differentiation of giant platelets and RBCs fragments. Figure: 1 Figure: 2 Laser light scattering technique (Source: www.anlyticondiagnostic.com) New advanced Automated haematology analysers use multi-purpose reagent system (Kuang et al., 2015). The blood cell lysing reagents allows enumeration of WBCs by removing the RBCs. It can also determine the hemaoglobin without the use of toxic cyanide anion. The blood diluting reagents improves the counting properties by enhancing the size of the blood specimens and stabilising the cellular volume and integrity for long duration. The second lysing reagents assist in differential determination of WBCs into classes based on functionality and size. This reagent is mainly isotonic blood diluters, and haemoglobin converters. The advanced automated haematology analysers use lysing reagents along with a companion quenching which differentiates blood cells according to the size based on conductivity/opacity d.c. impedence volume and light scatter measurements. These reagents greatly reduce the limitations of the previous automated analysers and provide better diagnostic aid. The combination o f the reagent formulation improves the calibrations by providing the scattergrams of WBCs well delineated and confined to the analyser software (Krockenberger et al., 2014). Conclusion Automated haematology analysers designed to achieve operational efficiency and clinical effectiveness in the laboratories by conserving time, cost and produce more precise and accurate results. Physicians can make better clinical decisions by ensuring the correct calibrations of haematology instruments. Despite this sophistication, to improve the laboratory operations and significantly optimize the patients care, the automated methods should always be validated by manual microscopic blood examination, especially when blood cell morphology and differential leukocyte count is associated (Samuel O, 2010). The peer-reviewed article has not yet confirmed any pitfalls of the VCS technology. The error prone area is mainly the pre-analytical stage. The limitation of the multipurpose reagent system is the removal of toxicity of the components which otherwise will result in destabilisation of the haematology analysis system. References Brugnara, C. (2015).Automated Hematology Analyzers: State of the Art, An Issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine(Vol. 35, No. 1). Elsevier Health Sciences. Burnett, A. E., Bowles, H., Borrego, M. E., Montoya, T. N., Garcia, D. A., Mahan, C. (2016). Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: reducing misdiagnosis via collaboration between an inpatient anticoagulation pharmacy service and hospital reference laboratory.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 1-8. Chaves, F. (2016). Technological advances in todays hematology analyzers: how they address common laboratory challenges | MLO. Mlo-online.com. Retrieved 2 September 2016, from https://www.mlo-online.com/technological-advances-in-todays-hematology-analyzers-how-they-address-common-laboratory-challenges.php Fujino, Y., Nakamura, Y., Matsumoto, H., Fukushima, K., Takahashi, M., Ohno, K., Tsujimoto, H. (2013). Development and evaluation of a novel in-clinic automated hematology analyzer, ProCyte Dx, for canine erythrocyte indices, leukogram, platelet counts and reticulocyte counts.The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,75(11), 1519. Gersten, T. (2016, 2 12). Thrombocytopenia. Retrieved from MedlinePlus: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000586.htm Greer, J. P. (2008). Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, Volume 1. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins . Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=68enzUD7BVgCpg=PA6lpg=PA6dq=hyperosmolarity+cause+automatic+analysers+to+produce+false+resultssource=blots=fFJPhJSa0ysig=uoSl1Mvz3JFCn_Q21fO3DDcu8X4hl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjctam_r97OAhXCGJQKHWu6DXMQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepa Krockenberger, M., Wu, J., Roemer, B., Vacca, G. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,906,309. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Kuang, Y., Zhang, B., Xu, B., Shao, J., Lei, T., Zhang, L. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 8,940,499. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Murphy, J. (2015, June ). The Immune System and Its Link to Rheumatic Disease. Retrieved from American College of Rheumatology: https://www.rheumatology.org/I-Am-A/Patient-Caregiver/Diseases-Conditions/Living-Well-with-Rheumatic-Disease/The-Immune-System-Its-Link-to-Rheumatic-Disease Ozcelik, F., Arslan, E., Serdar, M. A., Yiginer, O., Oztosun, M., Kayadibi, H., Kurt, I. (2012). A useful method for the detection of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-and cold agglutinin-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia.The American journal of the medical sciences,344(5), 357-362. Samuel O, T. N. (2010, April 23). Comparison of haematological parameters determined by the Sysmex KX - 2IN automated haematology analyzer and the manual counts. Retrieved from BioMed Central: https://bmcclinpathol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6890-10-3 Scoffin, K. (2014, May 23). Hematology AnalyzersFrom Complete Blood Counts to Cell Morphology. Retrieved from labcompare: https://www.labcompare.com/10-Featured-Articles/162042-Hematology-Analyzers-From-Complete-Blood-Counts-to-Cell-Morphology/ Shihabi, Z. K. (2006). Cryoglobulins: An Important but Neglected Clinical Test. Retrieved from Annals of Clinical Laboratory Science: https://www.annclinlabsci.org/content/36/4/395.long Urrechaga, E., Izquierdo, S., Escanero, J. F. (2013). Microcytic anemia still a health problem in the third millennium.Intern J Transl Comm Med,2, 1-3. Wilkins, L. W. (2003). Blood: Principles and Practice of Hematology, Volume 1 (Vol. 1). Philadelphia. Wu, J., Buhl, M. R., Vacca, G. (2015).U.S. Patent Application No. 14/808,211. Zhao, Y., Lei, T., Zhao, Y., Xu, B. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,685,661. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Same-Sex Marriage Essays (1947 words) - LGBT History,

Same-Sex Marriage Every country has their own set of rules and laws. One law all countries should have is the right to Same-Sex Marriage. Same-Sex Marriage should be legal all over the world for many different reasons. Since 2015, it has become legal in all 50 states of America, yet, there are still many conflicts and discriminations that the LGBT community has to face because some people simply just don't agree with this law. There will always be those who are against Same-Sex Marriage and those who are 100% for it, like myself. Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage will grant the LGBT community a right that for years has been taken from them. One of the main reasons why people are so Against Same-Sex Marriage is because they believe marriage should be between a man and a woman. The human race started with a man and a woman so it should continue to be that way forever. It is a very unhealthy lifestyle to live when two of the Same-Sex gets married. When two women or men get married, they don't even consider that a marriage. Many of those who are against Same-Sex Marriage believe that just because you call it a marriage doesn't make it a marriage because it's not between a man and woman. If society keeps allowing these unusual behaviors to happen calling it normal when they aren't, the world is going to turn into complete chaos. Plus, since many people are accepting these unusual acts to be gay or lesbian, many stop following the old fashion way of what marriage should really be. Another reason why people are so against Same-Sex Marriage is because many believe that Same-Sex Married couples can not raise a child or children properly. Building a family is one of the many dreams people have for the future. A man and a woman are the ones who bring a new life into this world and when two men or two women get married to each other, well they can't reproduce a child. Life is a cycle, a man and a woman have a child and then that child has another child and so on. If a Same-Sex Married couple are raising a child, they will try and many times succeed to convince them that being gay or lesbian is a good and okay thing but that's what people who are against Same-Sex Marriage want less of. In this society, it is very unusual and uncommon when people see a Same-Sex Married couple raising a child so they react in a negative way when they see such bizarre act. People don't want children being confused while growing up questioning as to why all their friends and classmates have a mom and a dad and they have two of the same parents. What are people supposed to tell them when they get asked such complicated questions to answer? Children need to be raised by a "normal" couple rather than one who doesn't know anything about values. Plus, statistics say, that kids without fathers are more than four times more likely to get into crime than kids with fathers, that's if they are being raised by two moms. Many times single parents have a hard time raising a child on their own because the child missed out on that mother or father figure they were supposed to have growing up. So a child needs one of each parents in their life and Same-Sex Married couples can't give them that. Marriage between a man and a woman is entirely different from two men or woman getting married and can not be considered the same thing. This is because they leave out the import ant purpose of what a marriage is about; the perpetuation of the human race and how to raise a child properly. There are so many reasons as to why I believe Same-Sex Marriage should be legalized everywhere in this world. There are many people who say it "goes against the Bible," yet there are many people who don't even believe in God in the first place. If you are a true believer of the Bible, then follow it, but why get in anybody else's business that's not yours? Religious

Free Essays on Political Parties

When the Founders of the American republic wrote the U.S. Constitution in 1787, they did not envision a role for political parties in the governmental order. Indeed, they sought through various constitutional arrangements such as separation of powers, checks and balances, and indirect election of the President by an electoral college to insulate the new governmental order from political parties and factions. In spite of the Founders' intentions, the U.S. was the first nation to develop parties organized on a national basis and to transfer executive power from one faction to another via an election in 1800. The Emergence and Pervasiveness of Political Parties The development of political parties was closely linked to the extension of the suffrage as property owning qualifications for voting were lifted during the early 1800s. With a vastly expanded electorate, a means was required to mobilize masses of voters. Political parties became institutionalized to accomplish this essential task. Parties in America emerged as a part of this democratic revolution, and by the 1830s were a firmly established part of the political firmament. Today, the Republican and Democratic parties totally pervade the political process. Almost two-thirds of Americans consider themselves either Republicans or Democrats, and even those who say that they are independents normally have partisan leanings and exhibit high levels of partisan loyalty. For example, on average 71 percent of Democratic-leaning independents and 79 percent of Republican-leaning independents voted for their preferred party's presidential nominees in the last four presidential elections (1980-1992). It is estimated that only about nine percent of the Americans are "pure independents." The pervasiveness of partisan influences also extends to the party in government. The two major parties dominate the presidency, Congress, governorships, and state legislatures. Every president since 185... Free Essays on Political Parties Free Essays on Political Parties Political party is defined as â€Å"A group of office holders, candidates, activist, and voters who identify with a group label and seek to elect to public office individuals who run under that label.† (O’Connor 296) When referring to political parties George Washington, the first president of the United States, described it as the â€Å"fury of political parties†. In fact, George Washington felt so strongly against political parties that he felt a need to warn Americans stating: â€Å"Let me now take a more comprehensive view and warn you in most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally. This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of human mind. It exists under different shapes in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or repressed; but, in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness and is truly their worst enemy.† (George Washington) George Washington was not alone in his fear of political parties, James Madison in Federalist # 10, warned Americans against factions and party politics, describing it as potentially â€Å"mortal disease†. (Federalist ) Hamilton claimed it was â€Å"an avenue to tyranny†.(Reichley 19) Despite the fear and dread of parties, political parties have become one of the most recognizable and essential part of American Politics. In the following pages, I will take a closer look at political parties, tracing its origins and progression, discussing the role parties played and play in American politics, focusing some attention on the different â€Å"third parties† in American history. ORIGINS OF POLITICAL PARTIES As I touched on earlier, our founding fathers did not have a particularly fond view of political parties. Why were these men, considered the elite in politics at the time, so opposed to the notion of political parties? One theory on the strong opposition is, they felt part... Free Essays on Political Parties When the Founders of the American republic wrote the U.S. Constitution in 1787, they did not envision a role for political parties in the governmental order. Indeed, they sought through various constitutional arrangements such as separation of powers, checks and balances, and indirect election of the President by an electoral college to insulate the new governmental order from political parties and factions. In spite of the Founders' intentions, the U.S. was the first nation to develop parties organized on a national basis and to transfer executive power from one faction to another via an election in 1800. The Emergence and Pervasiveness of Political Parties The development of political parties was closely linked to the extension of the suffrage as property owning qualifications for voting were lifted during the early 1800s. With a vastly expanded electorate, a means was required to mobilize masses of voters. Political parties became institutionalized to accomplish this essential task. Parties in America emerged as a part of this democratic revolution, and by the 1830s were a firmly established part of the political firmament. Today, the Republican and Democratic parties totally pervade the political process. Almost two-thirds of Americans consider themselves either Republicans or Democrats, and even those who say that they are independents normally have partisan leanings and exhibit high levels of partisan loyalty. For example, on average 71 percent of Democratic-leaning independents and 79 percent of Republican-leaning independents voted for their preferred party's presidential nominees in the last four presidential elections (1980-1992). It is estimated that only about nine percent of the Americans are "pure independents." The pervasiveness of partisan influences also extends to the party in government. The two major parties dominate the presidency, Congress, governorships, and state legislatures. Every president since 185...

The 6 Hardest Interview Questions of 2016

The 6 Hardest Interview Questions of 2016 According to the Five O’Clock Club, the days of â€Å"So, do you have any questions for us?† are over. Interviewers are getting much more devious in the questions they’re asking candidates to get them thinking outside the box. Sometimes tough interview questions can mean a higher job satisfaction rating later on. Here are some of the hardest interview questions from 2015 and what you might expect in 2016: 1. â€Å"How much would you charge to wash all the windows in Seattle?†Questions like this are designed to see how quickly and well you think on your feet. Will you go the long road and try to estimate how many windows there are in all of Seattle? Or fire back a fixed price per window or per hour? Either way, be sure to explain your thought process to your interviewer, as that’s what your interviewer is most interested in hearing.SEE ALSO:  How Would You Answer This Crazy Interview Question?2. â€Å"Explain a database to your eight-year-old neph ew.†This is a Google standby to see if you can translate tech speak into normal-person speak. Especially if you’ll be interacting with clients, it’s crucial to be able to explain what you do in plain English. Keep it short and sweet and clear.3. â€Å"What did you have for breakfast?†This is a double punch of catching you off-guard and seeing whether you’ll fit in. If it’s a granola crowd and you had bacon-wrapped sausages for breakfast, you might be in trouble. The best strategy is just to be yourself. It’s better to fit in somewhere else than work in a climate that doesn’t suit you.4. â€Å"Describe the color yellow to someone who is blind.†How creative are you? Are you sensitive? Able to express the abstract and think outside the box? This is a test of your wits and your insight, but if you train yourself to look at things from multiple angles, you’ll be better prepared for this kind of question.5. â€Å"If you sat down at your desk and found 1,000 emails in your inbox but you could answer only 300 of them, how would you choose?†What are your priorities? How do you triage under fire? Are you organized? Do you have the right sense of what’s important to the company? The best answer is usually that you’d prioritize emails from your biggest client, your boss, or anything super-important or time-sensitive. Everything else can wait.6. â€Å"Tell me about a time when you had a disagreement with your manager. How was it resolved?†This is actually a classic question, but always a good one to prepare for. Don’t bad-mouth anyone, least of all your former boss. Simple  give a bit of context, keep your cool, and breeze past it to show that you’re not afraid of conflict, and  you’re able to be mature and keep on moving forward.

Sustainable Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sustainable Management - Essay Example According to Hulme, â€Å"Climate change is a scientific and a moral issue.† The process of generating scientific consensus has been largely driven by the desire to communicate climate science to policy users and to construct knowledge’ (Weingart, 1999). However, in doing so, the uncertainties have been downplayed (Van der Sluijs et al., 1998). Who are the IPCC and what is their function, and what are major findings of their report on global warming? IPCC is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) which is a scientific intergovernmental body and its main aim is to assess human-induced climate change, analyse its impact and provide options for adaptation and mitigation. The two major findings of its reports are --- firstly, climate change is unequivocal and secondly, the past and future anthropogenic carbon emissions will contribute to global warming resulting in rising sea levels. Global warming a consequence of the earth’s natural life cycle and has nothing to do with the emission of greenhouse gases? Discuss. Anthropogenic warming and rise in sea level would continue for centuries due to the impact of the Earth’s natural life cycle, even if the Greenhouse gas concentration stabilizes. Carter et al. (2006) suggest that climate is not driven primarily by human use of fossil fuels. Researchers believe that the perception that nature is a resource at our disposal is the factor which shapes our view towards exhaustion of resources. Further, Christiansen (1994a, 1994b, 1994c) argues that the formation of climate based institutions based on IPCC, suites the union of some political, scientific and business interests. To what extent do you agree with the Stern Report? Stern believed a rise of five to six degree of temperature may be a real possibility due to climate change. The Stern Report concludes that the benefits of early actions on climate change outweigh the cost of not acting. The report points towards the potential imp act of climate change on water, health, food production and environment. Some conclusions of the Stern Report can be justified, as not taking any steps to reduce climate change will definitely raise the cost of living. The report states the cost of not acting on climate change will be equivalent to at least 5% of the gross domestic product loss each year. What steps can organisations take reduce their carbon footprint? Organizations can reduce their carbon footprints by reducing carbon emissions through fuel combustion, transportation, process emissions and fugitive emissions. The carbon footprints can be reduced by reducing the consumption of fossil fuels, monitoring waste disposal, transportation and use of products. What are the main points in Peter Senge’s book â€Å"The Necessary Revolution†, chapters 1 and 2? Peter Senge’s book â€Å"The Necessary Revolution† (chapters 1 and 2) talks about a different kind of world where excess energy of one busines s can be used to heat another. The book imagines a world where the commercial buildings are regenerative and create more energy than they are using. The book imagines a world of sound products and processes where products are cost effective rather than wasteful. Corporations such as Cosco, Nike and BP,

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 162

Assignment Example The second article is about the ways school counselors can help victims of child abuse and neglect. Dr. Glenn Lambie provides the definitions of abuse and neglect from the American School Counselor Association and gives statistics on deaths and incidents of child abuse and neglect. (2005) Symptoms to look out for, the pertinent statutes in North Carolina, the guidelines for reporting cases of suspected abuse and possible interventions to prevent such issues are also included. This article is interesting for people who would like to be professional counselors because they may have to help victims in the future since child abuse and neglect is a big part of American society. This article is scholarly because of the peer-review process. McDermott, R. C. & Lopez, F. G. (2013). College men’s intimate partner violence attitudes: Contributions of adult attachment and gender role stress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60 (1), 127-136. The third article is about a study conducted to determine if adult attachment and gender- role stress contribute to intimate partner violence in men. Authors McDermott and Lopez invited 497 heterosexual men in college to participate in an anonymous web survey (2013). Results revealed that gender role stress had a significant influence in intimate partner violence. This article is significant to professional counselors because they can usually have patients who are victims of violence. This article is scholarly because it has gone through the peer-review

Different types of news reporting on Steven Regrave Essay Example for Free

Different types of news reporting on Steven Regrave Essay For my media coursework I will be looking at different types of news reporting on Steven Regrave and his fifth Gold medal win. The papers I will be looking are the observers and The Daily Mirror. I will follow the coverage of the British coxless fours triumph in the rowing event final in Sydney 2000. Also I will be looking at the ways Television and Internet are you used for a good reason at showing the news. I will compare each and find out which is the best resource for the news. Newspapers Tabloid The tabloid newspaper I shall be covering is the Daily Mirror. The Daily mirror is a very simple newspaper to pick up and read. If you walk into a Newsagents today and look around you will recognise this Tabloid newspaper, as it has a big picture covering most of the front page, bright colours and large words. Also normaly the main news story will have a clever pun in the title: Oarsome Foursome which is the same pun I used for the title for my essay. All these pictures, bright colours and large font all catch the eye, which will possibly make you pick up the newspaper. The Daily Mirror always uses catchy clever witty puns, which often make people laugh and grin. These puns attract people to reads the paper as it gives a sort of comic relief from possible grim news. The Daily Mirror uses a lot of subtitles and quotes between large pieces of text, which breaks up large reading which makes the tabloid so easy for quick and simple reading for lets say the average man. What possibly makes the papers easy to read its basic Layout, which contains many pictures of the days news. Sydney 2000 was no different. Many different pictures showed all events particuly English athletes competing especially Steven Redgrave going for his fifth gold medal. Lots of pictures make it easy for the eye. In this tabloid newspaper you can look at the newspaper and you will get the story without having to read. The paper consists of many little sentences which give you a sense of what is happening but makes it a lot easier and quicker to read. The mirror article provided very basic information with short interviews and direct speech, to make up for lack of solid facts. Possibly what makes the daily mirror or any other tabloid newspaper so quick to read is the language used. Language is simple quick and short to read Broadsheet Broadsheet newspapers such as the Observer are, almost the complete opposite of Tabloid newspapers such as the daily mirror. For a start the front main page does not consist of bright colours or large coloured words across the whole page. The first thing noticeable about a front page of a broadsheet is the title every single time is normaly very serious which gives an impression that the story being covered will have immense detail, which makes people who are interested in the story a good idea what to expect. Also there are very few subtitles within the text of the story. This makes the contents flow quickly.

Modernism In Works of T.S. Elliot And James Joyce Essay -- Literature

Introduction: Modernism is a word that is generally used to understand "new and distinctive features in the subjects, forms, concepts and styles of literature and the other arts in the early decades of the present century, but especially after World War I." (Abrams 167) More often than not "Modernism" engages in "deliberate and radical break" (Abrams 167) with some of the more traditional foundation of art and culture. Peter Childs in his book Modernism remarks "Modernism has almost universally been considered a literature of not just change but crisis" (p. 14, Unit Reader p. 12). This essay will discuss and assess the value of this statement through the parts of the poem "The Waste Land" as well as "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" both of which were written by eminent poet T.S. Eliot and a short story from "Dubliners" named "Eveline" by James Joyece. Both the Poems and the short story in some way celebrate the practical and existent picture of life and culture and the changes with in them. This essay will firstly discuss the poem "The Waste Land" secondly it will discuss "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" thirdly the short story "Eveline" from the "Dubliners" and lastly it will discuss the how the discussions have helped to extend the understanding of the concept of Modernism. The Waste Land Section I: "The Burial of the Dead": This section of the "Waste Land" can be distinguished as a modified dramatic monolog. The four speakers in this part, who are very much frustrated by out side circumstances (a change and crisis) like war, are in dire need of speaking their hearts out but find themselves surrounded by dead people. The poem uses a partial rhyme scheme. The inclusion of language other than English make... ...through made her transform in a different way. Everything for her changes even after her discission to stay in Dublin. Modernism is a very different form of literature than those which were written before the First World War. Through the poems by T.S. Eliot and the short story by James Joyce one thing was evident; the impact of war was the biggest motivation behind all three pieces of writing. Another thing that was apparent was the fact that people were more concern about their individuality at that time which became prominent in the writings as well. Modernism began in a time where the war had shattered both the exterior and the interior of European culture and people embarked on thinking differently and new forms of realisations were embarking. These new realisations and ideas were channelled through different forms of literature and art and formed Modernism.

Literary Essay †Julius Caesar Essay

As humans, none of us are entirely good or entirely evil. It is the same with the characters in the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare. While many are portrayed as good or evil, none really are. This can be more easily explained through the characters Brutus, Marc Antony and Julius Caesar. From the very first mention of Brutus the audience is told that he is the most honorable man in Rome. This would persuade us to believe that he is a good character. From the beginning this is true, but not too far into the play, after some coaxing by Cassius, Brutus’ more evil side is revealed. He contributes to the plot of killing Caesar and says in Act II scene 1 line 10 â€Å"It must be by his death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This alone is totally the opposite of what an honorable man would do. Nevertheless, he tries to redeem himself by adding in Act II scene 1 line 11-12 â€Å"I know no personal cause to spurn at him, but for the general.† So we are led to believe that â€Å"sacrificing† Caesar is and honorable thing being done for the Roman people not just a well organized murder. This is one example of how no one is entirely good. Next is Caesar’s right hand man, Marc Antony. He loved Caesar very much and was deeply saddened when Caesar was murdered. After this event, he persuades Brutus to let him speak at Caesar’s funeral as a friend. Act III scene 1 line 227-230 â€Å"And am moreover suitor that I may produce his body to the market place; and in the pulpit, as becomes a friend, speak in the order of his funeral† The real reason why Antony wanted to speak at the funeral was to let the people know that Brutus murdered Caesar for no good reason. He expresses his success in Act III scene 2 line 270-271 â€Å"Belike they has some notice of the people, how I had moved them.† Marc Antony never forgives Brutus and the other conspirators for murdering Caesar and even goes to war with them because of it. Antony fighting for his friend’s death shows that he is good. But he tricks the others which show’s some bad in him. The last case is a little different than the others. This last example exactly isn’t of complete good or evil. It just shows how no one is perfect. Caesar was to be the ruler of the Roman Empire. Everyone thought that he was the best person for the job. He was thought of as a god. Gods are perfect  and Caesar was far from it. In Act I scene 2 lines 111 Cassius tells Brutus stories of how weak Caesar is. â€Å"Caesar cried ‘help me, Cassius, or I sink.'† He continues by adding in lines 127-128 â€Å"Alas it cried, ‘give me some drink, Titinius,’ as a sick girl.† This shows how Caesar was not like any god even though that is what the people believed. The whole point of this essay was to show how even in plays that it is impossible to have someone who is entirely good or evil. It’s just too unrealistic. As humans, we all possess good and bad characteristics. They may not be balanced but there isn’t anyone who is totally good or evil.

Curriculum Development

AN OVERVIEW OF CURRICULUM Introduction Ever since the term curriculum was added to educators' vocabularies, it has seemed to convey many things to many people. To some, curriculum has denoted a specific course, while to others it has meant the entire educational environment. Whereas perceptions of the term may vary, it must be recognized that curriculum encompasses more than a simple definition. Curriculum is a key element in the educational process; its scope is extremely broad, and it touches virtually everyone who is involved with teaching and learning.Origin of Curriculum The idea of curriculum is hardly new – but the way we understand and theorize it has altered over the years – and there remains considerable dispute as to meaning. The word curriculum originated in ancient Rome as a chariot race course. Julius Caesar talked about which team of horses, driver, chariot would be able to run the curriculum fastest. It was, literally, a course. In Latin curriculum was a racing chariot; currere was to run. â€Å"Currere is derived from the Latin infinitive verb that means ‘to run the racecourse.Historical Definitions of Curriculum Historical definitions typically envision curriculum as a planned sequence of learning or instructional experiences that a student/learner is subjected to under the auspices of the school. To be sure these definitions limited the application of curricular experiences to the school setting. Emergent definitions have looked at curriculum more broadly. According to Connelly and Clandinin curriculum â€Å"can be viewed as a person's life experience. † This definition sees merit due to the change in technology.Connelly and Clandinins’ definition came several decades after Smith, Good, Taba, Foshay and Tanner. Technology has influenced the medium in which curriculum is delivered. There is no â€Å"traditional way† anymore. â€Å"One's life course of action† will determine what will be studied and how. Influences and Developments Curriculum has had strong historical roots. From before Tyler crafted the major questions that we ask about curriculum (Tyler,1949), theorists have been concerned about the ways in which teachers and schools plan learning experiences for all learners.These pre-occupations have influenced the development of Curriculum theory from the outset. Invariably, curriculum has long been influenced by factors outside of the school. Such influences include history, society, psychology and politics. Social and Political Influences and Curriculum Evolution Social and political developments have continuously contributed to ideas about the components and definitions of curriculum. At the turn of the century Franklin Bobbit constructed his definition of curriculum on the basis of objectives based on adult work life (Bobbit,1918).Social emphasis was on the advancement of science and industry this approach also influenced the curriculum theories of other thinkers o f the time. John Dewey's definition of curriculum which though a more progressive in that it focused on learning by doing rather than rote learning and dogmatic instruction also maintained some influence from this area of science and industry. In 1891 William Torrey Harris introduced the idea of organized learning and learning with text books. Has practical application of a systematization of the curriculum laid the groundwork for an industrialized model of curriculum implementation.Other societal influences to the curriculum include legal decisions and government policy. Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark case in the history of American education. The case was in response to social events which entrenched racialized schooling and curriculum in the United States. From the 1892 Plessy v. Ferguson case, the precedent of â€Å"separate but equal† was set, resulting in separate schools for white and black children. The Brown decision set the stage for more aggressive cent ralized decision- making at the Federal level with regards to public education.It set the stage for Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Furthermore, it is unlikely that the Department of Education would have been established in 1979, were it not for the Brown decision in 1954. Social and political influences have contributed to education having mandated norms. There are mandated times that are allotted for each subject as well as mandated subjects. In many sectors, such as local school districts and school boards, curriculum is considered to be the official written document from the higher authority.Such a document is seen as a mandated template that must be followed by all teachers. Technology Advances Technological change is redefining not only how we communicate, but in turn, is redefining how we need to educate. The ready availability of information has lessened the necessity for a curriculum that is teacher cente red and rooted in the aim to prepare citizens for an industrial society. The development of analytical skills and higher order thinking is increasingly an important focus of the modern curriculum.The stakeholders and interest groups in this process are many and varied, with pressure for change and reform brought from teachers, schools and school councils, government authorities, industry and students themselves. All have differing perspectives on the best curriculum planning models to deal with this change. As technology advances and the world undergoes massive changes, theorists will redefine definitions. Influences of future times will regulate new definitions. It would only make sense for the definition of curriculum to change as advances have been made in the world and will continue to be made.A true researcher or theorists will collect new data, conduct new experiments to challenge and add to the beginning founders definitions of curriculum. As you read and research you to will either create or adapt your own definition of curriculum and this definition will be a result of what is going on in the world, your economic status and your views of education. New technology based definitions would include wording to accommodate the times. In preparing for the working world, which at present is technical, curriculum would include electronic, computerized verbiage.What was once known as a textbook will become prehistoric. More and more computer based learning is occurring and curriculum will be designed to facilitate future life skills. Figure 1: source: http://en. wikibooks. org/wiki/File:Curriculum_Definitions. jpg Definitions of â€Å"Curriculum† Definitions of the curriculum varies from the simplest listing of subjects to be taken for a particular program or degree to the most complex definition as a learning experience to achieve a particular educational goal. This also suggests that there is no universally accepted definition of the term curriculum.Al lan Glatthorn (1987, p. 1) said : â€Å"Even experts can’t agree on what curriculum means. Below you will find a list of definitions of curriculum. 1. John Kerr defines curriculum as, ‘All the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside the school. (quoted in Kelly 1983: 10; see also, Kelly 1999). This gives us some basis to move on – and for the moment all we need to do is highlight two of the key features: a. Learning is planned and guided. We have to specify in advance what we are seeking to achieve and how we are to go about it. . The definition refers to schooling. We should recognize that our current appreciation of curriculum theory and practice emerged in the school and in relation to other schooling ideas such as subject and lesson. 2. Allan Glatthorn defines curriculum as a plan made for guiding learning in schools, usually presented in retrievable documents of several levels of generality, and the implementation of those plans in the classroom; It also includes those experiences that take place in a learning environment that also influences what is learned. Glatthorn,) According to Flordeliza Reyes, (Engineering the Curriculum) Glatthorn’s definition is very comprehensive because it covers both the curriculum plans (guides) and their implementations (instruction). Reyes also stressed that the limitation of Glatthorn’s definition is that it excludes learning experiences, which are planned by the curriculum developer or by the teacher, but are not presented in written form or documents. (P. 1) 3.Flordeliza Reyes defined curriculum as the totality of curricular content (subject matter) and learning experiences the learner goes through to achieve intended educational purposes or outcomes against which his progress will be evaluated. (Ibid. , ) Inherent in Reyes’ definition are the four basic anatomical components of the curriculum: a. Educational purposes or intended educational outcomes; b. Curricular content or subject matter covered by the curriculum; c. Learning experiences the student goes through; and d. Evaluation scheme to assess the extent to which the educational purposes or learning outcomes have been achieved. . Some authors define curriculum as the total effort of the school to bring about desired outcomes in school and out-of-school situations. It is also defined as a sequence of potential experiences set up in school for the purpose of disciplining children and youth in group ways of thinking and acting. a. Howell and Evans define curriculum a structured set of learning outcomes or tasks that educators usually call goals and objectives (1995). While other writers define curriculum as the â€Å"what of teaching†, or â€Å"listing of subjects to be taught in school. † b. a plan or program for all the experiences that the leader encounters under the direction of the school. † Peter F. Oliva (1997, p. 8) c. â€Å"Curriculum development is a process whereby the choices of designing a learning experience for students are made and then activated through a set of coordinated activities. † Wiles ; Bondi (1998, p. 3) d. â€Å"The ‘curriculum,' refers not only to the official list of courses offered by the school—we call that the ‘official curriculum'—but also to the purposes, content, activities, and organization of the educational program actually created in schools by teachers, students, and administrators. Walker & Soltis (1997, p. 1) e. Curriculum is a verb, an activity, or for William Pinar, an inward journey. The modern curriculum development rationale has truncated the etymological meaning and reduced curriculum to a noun, the racecourse itself. Thus, generations of educators have been schooled to believe that the curriculum is a tangible object, the lesson plans we implement, or the course guides we follow, rather than the p rocess of running the racecourse. † Patrick Slattery (1995, p. 56) f. The curriculum of a school, or a course, or a classroom can be conceived of as a series of planned events that are intended to have educational consequences for one or more students. † Elliot Eisner (1985, p. 45) g. â€Å"Curriculum is an explicitly and implicitly intentional set of interactions designed to facilitate learning and development and to impose meaning on experience. † Miller & Seller (1990, p. 3) Thus, it can be said that a curriculum is a document which describes a structured series of learning objectives and outcomes for a given subject matter area.It includes a specification of what should be learned, how it should be taught, and the plan for implementing/assessing the learning The Subsystems of Curriculum Inferring from the different definitions of curriculum, it can be deduced that there are three sub-systems. Garcia enumerates the following(Curriculum Design, p. 7-8) 1. The fo rmal curriculum which normally refers to the Philosophy, Mission, Vision, Objectives of the school alongside with the subjects and the activities needed deliver the instruction.Lesson plans, session guides, modules, as well as syllabi are also considered part of the formal curriculum. In short, formal curriculum is the primary focus of the curriculum. 2. The Extra Class or Curriculum Extension includes co-curricular activities like school papers, various student organizations, convocations, and the like, as well as ancillary school services such as guidance service, library service, health, canteen and the like which are primarily intended to support the formal curriculum. 3. The Hidden Curriculum is either supportive of or contradictory to the formal curriculum and the extra curriculum.The hidden curriculum includes the school policies, rules and regulations including school climate. CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT vs CURRICULUM ENGINEERING Curriculum engineering is comprised of the followi ng processes: curriculum development, (the process of improving an existing curriculum or making a new curriculum) curriculum implementation,(the process of ensuring that the planned or designed curriculum has been adapted or implemented) and curriculum evaluation (process of determining the effectiveness of the curriculum as well as the efficiency of its implementation).Hence, curriculum engineering comprises all processes and activities that are necessary to keep the school curriculum dynamic and functional. (Reyes, p. 3) Curriculum development is defined as the process of selecting, organizing, executing and evaluating the learning experiences on the basis of the needs, abilities, and interest of learners, and on the basis of the nature of the society or community. (Saguil et al, p. 15) It takes into consideration the following factors: 1.The nature of society which includes the cultural heritage, the needs and demands as well as the economic, social, political, cultural, moral a nd other concerns of the people; 2. The interest, the needs, previous experiences and problems of the learners; and 3. The educational and psychological principles based on the findings of scientific studies and experimentation. It can also be said that curriculum development is a continuous process for the possibilities of improving the teaching – learning situation.Its goal is a positive change; process; transformation in the lives of the learners based on schools mission and goals. It should be produced in coordinated program of meaningful experiences for learner’s development. (2009 Ed. ) Curriculum development is a decision-making process that involves a variety of concerns. (Bago). An ideal curriculum engineering involves different stakeholders, ranging from the School superintendent, principals, and curriculum directors. (Beauchamp, 1981).These shall be assisted by administrators and teachers who are either subject specialists, generalists, or trained curriculum specialists; experts in specific disciplines who act as consultants; a classroom teacher who is responsible for the implementation of the curriculum; lay persons who are experts from industry (industry practitioner); and students and alumni to give feedback regarding the curriculum being evaluated can be used for improvement purposes. (Reyes: p. 4) Subject or Course, Session or Lesson Plan, Syllabus, Field of Study & Program In order to have a better understanding of curriculum, the ollowing must be considered, though different from a curriculum, are related to the concept of curriculum: Subject (for Basic Education)/ Course for Tertiary and Graduate studies consists of learning content and experiences that can be completed by the learner within a school term for which a credit unit is earned. Philosophy, Philippine History, English 1, Math 1, are examples of subject or course. Session or Lesson Plan generally consists of objectives, content or subject matter, learning experience o r activities, as well as evaluation of the learning. SyllabusThe single most important instrument of structure in a course is the SYLLABUS, which outlines the goals and objectives of a course, prerequisites, the grading/evaluation scheme, materials to be used (textbooks, software), topics to be covered, a schedule, and a bibliography. Each of these components defines the nature of the learning experience. Goals and objectives identify the expected outcomes and scope of the course as determined by the instructor or course designer, restricting the domain of knowledge for the learner. Prerequisites limit the student population to those with certain kinds of learning experiences, usually other courses.The grading or evaluation scheme tells students what kind of learning activities are to be valued (e. g. , assignments, tests, papers, projects), that is, the currency of learning in this particular course. Topics to be covered specify the content that the instructor feels is important. T he schedule provides a timetable for learning, usually with milestones in the form of due dates or tests. Field of Study refers to a combination of subjects or courses comprising one of the standard disciplines that can be completed by a learner across school terms.Example, Social Science as a field of study is comprised of but not limited to History, Sociology, Economics, Psychology. Program is usually completed in more than one year. It is the most expansive example or part of curriculum. The completion of a program enables the learner to proceed to the next or higher level of schooling such as nursery to kindergarten, preparatory, elementary, secondary tertiary, graduate to post graduate studies. Other terms Related to Curriculum Engineering Curriculum Plan is the advance arrangement of learning opportunities for a particular population of learners.Curriculum Guide is the written curriculum plan. Curriculum Planning is the process whereby these arrangements of curriculum plans or learning opportunities are created. Curriculum Laboratory is a place or workshop where curriculum materials are gathered or used by teachers or learners of curriculum. Resource Unit is a collection or suggested learning activities and materials organized around a given topic or area which a teacher might utilize in planning, developing, and evaluating a learning unit. Curriculum development An Analysis of Philippine Educational Curriculum† To attain the progress of our country, the quality of education is one of the factors which contributes to the development of our economy and to have the quality of education, the national curriculum should set a clear direction and should have an empowered teaching force manned by excellent teachers that are properly guided by supervisors, and conducive learning environment that fosters learning among students that includes materials, technology. ND learning resources. In our country, it takes ten years of schooling under basic education and students armorial started going to school at the age of 6 in elementary level, starts in Grade 1 up to Grade 6. And proceeds to High School which takes 4 years and after finishing that long years, at the age of 16, they continue studying to higher education.Compared to other developed country, it takes 12 to 13 years of schooling in the basic education. As what Vive read, it says that the l onger years of schooling means more learning, more time spent to master skills and develop competencies, deepening of learning outcomes, and more opportunities to be exposed to the learning environment.

“One Friday Morning” by Langston Hughes Essay Essay Example

â€Å"One Friday Morning† by Langston Hughes Essay Essay Example â€Å"One Friday Morning† by Langston Hughes Essay Paper â€Å"One Friday Morning† by Langston Hughes Essay Paper The short narrative â€Å"One Friday Morning† by Langston Hughes is about a immature African American miss. Nancy Lee. who late moved to the North with her parents so they may supply her with a better life and schooling. Highly talented in water-color picture. she aspired to do that her major in college. Because of racial favoritism. she was denied the scholarship that would hold been her ticket to a brighter hereafter. Sadly. there are some people in the universe that are blinded by race and bury how America was supposed to be a topographic point with equal rights and justness for all. Langston Hughes brings in subjects like racism. equal rights between human existences. racial and national pride. and of class the American dream. His biggest purpose is to demo the universe how coloured people are treated and that present twenty-four hours America doesn’t fulfill the American dream of all work forces being equal. Nancy Lee may be a coloured miss. but at times she forget s she has a different tegument colour than the remainder of her schoolmates. Her equals overlook her race as good. they see her as nil but a immature and gifted person. Nancy Lee painted an award winning piece of art worthy of a scholarship to an art institute. The picture was of her grandma sitting on a park bench looking at the American flag on a bright cheery twenty-four hours. This represents a dream that Nancy Lee wanted to show ; that all people are equal and merit to be treated as such. Unfortunately. the art institute didn’t realize that Nancy Lee was a coloured miss at the clip they chose her picture. When it was made known. they decided to give the scholarship to a white pupil. They felt if Nancy Lee were to go to the Institute. it would do contention amongst others. On the twenty-four hours Nancy Lee was to have the award. she was told by her chief Miss O’Shay that she would non be able to accept this indispensable scholarship entirely because of the colour of her tegument. Miss O’Shay unfortunately informed Nancy Lee that â€Å"When the commission learned that you were colored. they changed their plans† ( Hughes 5 ) . Miss O’Shay did her best to promote Nancy Lee non to give up and to contend for her dreams. In the narrative they compare Miss O’Shay with emancipationists and the first white instructors who went to the Deep South to learn the freed slaves. Nancy Lee looked up at her chief and noticed the bright spring twenty-four hours through the unfastened window that resembled her picture. This is a metaphor for the close propinquity of the Utopia depicted in her art that would hold no favoritism and in which all people would be treated every bit. ( spread out on this thought! ) At the hebdomadal assembly. Nancy Lee took her place along with three thousand other pupils. She turned her caput and said the pledge to the flag. a symbolism of freedom and equal rights with â€Å"†¦liberty and justness for all† . She so decided that even though she’s non having the scholarship that was truly hers. she’s determined to â€Å"fight to see that these things don’t go on to other misss as this has happened to me. And work forces and adult females like Miss O’Shay will assist me† ( Hughes 6 ) . This shows that Nancy Lee isn’t willing to accept that the scholarship was withdrawn merely because of her race. and that with aid from people like Miss O’Shay. she is traveling to get down a revolution to do certain that this won’t go on in the hereafter to people like her. Discrimination is all around us ; everyone is discriminated against at one point in his or her life. Langston Hughes. an Afro-american author. wrote the short narrative â€Å"One Friday Morning† to depict the experience of one peculiar miss who was discriminated in her school because she was colored. Life brings many letdowns. all of which make a individual stronger. Unfortunately. there will ever be favoritism. as it is a portion of life. This narrative is a great illustration of seeing person being discriminated against while seting the reader in the chief character’s places to experience what it feels like to be them. Discrimination occurs for many grounds. A good ground is we become wiser from it and recognize that no 1 deserves to be treated below the belt. From her personal experiences. Nancy Lee will travel on to actuate other people to travel closer to accomplishing the high ideal extolled in the Pledge of Allegiance. â€Å"†¦one state indivisible. with autonomy and justness for all. †

Quotes That Show Macbeths Intentions

Quotes That Show Macbeth's Intentions The motor that drives the tragedy of Shakespeares  Macbeth  is the lead character’s ambition. It is his primary character flaw and the trait that causes this brave soldier to murder his way to power. Early on in the famous play,  King Duncan hears of Macbeth’s heroics at war and bestows the title Thane of Cawdor on him. The current Thane of Cawdor has been deemed a traitor and the king orders him to be killed.  When Macbeth is made Thane of Cawdor, he believes that the kingship is not far off in his future. He writes a letter to his wife announcing the  prophecies, and it is actually Lady Macbeth who fans the flames of ambition as the play progresses. The two conspire to kill King Duncan so that Macbeth can ascend to the throne. Despite his initial reservations about the plan, Macbeth agrees, and, sure enough, he is named king after Duncans death. Everything that follows is simply the repercussion of Macbeths unbridled ambition. Both he and Lady Macbeth are plagued by visions of their wicked deeds, which eventually drive them insane. Brave Macbeth When  Macbeth  first appears at the start of the play, he is brave, honorable, and moral- qualities that he sheds as the play develops. He comes on the scene soon after a  battle, where an injured soldier reports Macbeth’s heroic deeds and famously labels him â€Å"brave Macbeth†: For brave Macbeth- well he deserves that name- Disdaining Fortune, with his brandishd steel,Which smoked with bloody execution,Like valours minion carved out his passageTill he faced the slave.(Act 1, Scene 2) Macbeth is presented as a man of action who steps up when he is needed, and a man of kindness and love when he is away from the battlefield. His wife, Lady Macbeth, adores him for his loving nature: Yet do I fear thy nature;It is too full o th milk of human kindnessTo catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great,Art not without ambition, but withoutThe illness should attend it.(Act 1, Scene 5) Vaulting Ambition An encounter with the three witches changes everything. Their premonition that Macbeth â€Å"shalt be king hereafter† triggers his ambition- and leads to murderous consequences. Macbeth makes clear that ambition drives his actions, stating as early as Act 1 that his sense of ambition is â€Å"vaulting†: I have no spurTo prick the sides onlyVaulting ambition, which oerleaps itselfAnd falls on the other.(Act 1, Scene 7) When Macbeth makes plans to murder King Duncan, his moral code is still evident- but it is beginning to be corrupted by his ambition. In this quote, the reader can see Macbeth struggling with the evil he is about to commit: My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical,Shakes so my single state of man that functionIs smotherd in surmise.(Act 1, Scene 3) Later in the same scene, he says: Why do I yield to that suggestionWhose horrid image doth unfix my hair,And make my seated heart knock at my ribs,Against the use of nature?(Act 1, Scene 3) But, as was made apparent at the beginning of the play, Macbeth is a man of action, and this vice supersedes his moral conscience. It is this trait that enables his ambitious desires. As his character develops throughout the play, action eclipses Macbeths morals. With each murder, his moral conscience is suppressed, and he never struggles with subsequent murders as much as he does with killing Duncan. By the end of the play, Macbeth kills Lady Macduff and her children without hesitation. Macbeth’s Guilt Shakespeare does not let Macbeth get off too lightly. Before long, he is plagued with guilt: Macbeth starts hallucinating;  he sees the ghost of murdered Banquo, and he hears voices: Methought I heard a voice cry Sleep no more!Macbeth does murder sleep.(Act 2, Scene 1) This quote reflects the fact that Macbeth murdered Duncan in his sleep. The voices are nothing more than Macbeth’s moral conscience seeping through, no longer able to be suppressed. Macbeth also hallucinates the murder weapons, creating one of the play’s most famous quotes: Is this a dagger which I see before me,The handle toward my hand?(Act 2, Scene 1) In the same act, Ross, Macduffs cousin, sees right through Macbeths unbridled ambition and predicts where it will lead: to Macbeth becoming  king. Gainst nature still!Thriftless ambition, that will ravin upThine own lives means! Then tis most likeThe sovereignty will fall upon Macbeth.(Act 2, Scene 4) Macbeths Fall Near the end of the play, the audience catches a glimpse of the brave soldier who appeared at the beginning. In one of Shakespeare’s most beautiful speeches, Macbeth admits that he is short on time. The armies have amassed outside the castle and there is no way he can win, but he does what any man of action would do: fight. In this speech, Macbeth realizes that time ticks on regardless and that his actions will be lost to time: Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrowCreeps in this petty pace from day to dayTo the last syllable of recorded timeAnd all our yesterdays have lighted foolsThe way to dusty death.(Act 5, Scene 5) Macbeth seems to realize in this speech the cost of his unchecked ambition. But it is too late: There is no reversing the consequences of his evil opportunism.

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 15

Human Resource Management - Essay Example The expatriate managers has to play a very significant role in the sustainability in foreign market as they have better knowledge regarding the company so that it can able to identify the areas of changes to be incorporated in business unit present in the foreign land (Miles, 1995, p.24). This section will attempt to discuss and present issues faced by a MNC company and to offer a set of plausible recommendation. Background and Issues Raised in the Case Study Fidelity Plc is primarily a UK-based IT consultancy MNC, present in a number of countries like France, India, Germany, China etc. From the very beginning of its internationalisation, Fidelity went expanding its business units in foreign count in an unsystematic way causing loose management. It means that Fidelity has failed to assess the necessary factors in foreign markets like cultural differences and internal capabilities like competent managers. Moreover, it has not also offered proper training to its managers for managing the international business units. Noe et al, have identified three necessary assessments for global expansion i.e. organisational, task and person analysis (Noe et al, 2007, p261). However, the prevailing management of Fidelity has identified three major issues for managing subsidiaries companies. Firstly, it needs to recruit competent managers who are able understand basis needs to organisation and can play a vital role in international business development.