The Affordable Care Act (ACA) Essay - 639 Words

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) President Barack Obama signed the Affordable Care Act, into law on March 23rd 2010. Congress had tried for decades to pass health care reform, beginning with President Franklin Roosevelt. â€Å"Following President Obama’s inauguration, he used Democrat control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate to enact health care reform legislation, and granted the federal government control of over 16% of our nations economy† (Taylor 3). The law states that every American citizen is mandated to purchase health insurance. â€Å"If you choose not to obtain Health Insurance by January 2014, you will be penalized $95, or 1% of your income-whichever is greater† (Taylor 5). â€Å"The penalty rate for non-compliance will†¦show more content†¦The small business owner that has 25 or fewer employees, and provides health insurance for them, the owner will receive tax credits to ease the burden of the cost. The small business owner will receive 50% tax credit f or a profit business and 35% tax credit for non-profit businesses. There are four different levels of insurance that the consumer has the option to choose from. The Bronze level is the cheapest and will provide 60% of benefits under the health plan. Next, is the Silver level that will provide 70% of benefits, and the cost is more expensive. Next, is the Gold level that provides 80 % of benefits, and costs is still more expensive. The Platinum level is the highest, which provides 90% of benefits, and is the most expensive of all the health plans. â€Å"Under ObamaCare, your primary point of contact regarding health insurance and health care services will be your state health exchange† (Taylor 40). Medicaid services will be expanded to consumers with incomes less than $14,000 person annually or family’s income less than $29,000 annually. At the market place insurance companies will compete against one another, which will benefit the consumer. The insurance companies that charge higher rates than their competitors will be driven out of bu siness. The government will provide tax credits to consumers that have an annual income from 14,000 toShow MoreRelatedThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )956 Words   |  4 PagesAbsract++++++++++++++++++++++++++= The Affordable Care Act (ACA) (also known as â€Å"Obamacare†) is an historic piece of legislation that has had massive effect on healthcare in the United States. Its systemic effects on healthcare in this country are numberous, from insurance to ambulatory care, from healthcare related taxes to healthcare resources, and beyond. That said, the following research paper attempts to summarize how this massive piece of legislation has effected healthcare in the UnitedRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )784 Words   |  4 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been a primary debate topic since it was enacted in 2010. The conservatives completely disagree with the Affordable Care Act and believe that â€Å"Democrats used it as an assertion of power than they used it to improve health care conditions† (â€Å"Republican Views on Health Care†, 2014). They believe that the act was a waste of taxpayer’s dollars and would inevitably ruin our health care syste m. In contrast, the liberals supported the ACA and â€Å"pride themselves on the factRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1668 Words   |  7 PagesOn March 23,2010 the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, was signed into law. This act aims to provide affordable health care coverage for all United States citizens. â€Å"The Affordable Care Act affirms the core principle that everybody should have some basic security when it comes to their health care.† (President Obama) It will provide insurance to more than thirty million people who have been previously uninsured, and will be achieved by expanding Medicaid and extending federal subsidiesRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as ObamaCare, is a United States law that was signed by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010 and upheld by the Supreme Court on June 28, 2012. This Act was set to reform both healthcare and health insuranc e industries in the United States. It aims to lower cost on coverage, add new benefits, and a few new taxes. Increasing the quality, availability, and affordability of private and public health insurance are very important roles of the ACA. While tryingRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1349 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2010 the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, was signed into act to help reform healthcare in the United States. Before and after the act was effective, many people were concerned with how it would affect our country as a whole and on an individual basis. Many people say that the ACA is helping our country and others are not so sure. The goal of the act is to give millions of uninsured Americans access to quality health care and by also making it more affordable. Although thereRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) is a health reform law that was signed by President Barrack Obama on March 23, 2010. The full name of the law is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). One week later the President also signed a law called the Health Care Education and Reconciliation Act (HCERA), which was a supplement that made several changes the PPACA. What the country currently refers to as the ACA or Obamacare is both of these laws combined. (McDonough, 2012) Many AmericansRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act (ACA)1156 Words   |  5 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) will cause a large influx of patients into the health care system. For a variety of reasons, this will change how the front-line health care personnel provide care. Nurses will expand his or her scope and territory of care. Front line providers will change to include more advanced practice nurses because of the national shortage of primary care providers (Department Of Health And Human Services, 2014). No longer will they just practice in brick and mortar hospitalsRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesSince the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or ‘Obamacare’ in 2010 and its implementation in 2014,there has been a steady decline in the uninsured population of the United States of America. The number of Americans with health insurance, has reached a historic peak. According to recent data from the Census Bureau about he alth insurance coverage, the number of uninsured Americans fell from 33 million the year prior to ACA implementation to 29 million in 2014.The total uninsured rate droppedRead MoreAffordable Care Act ( Aca )1576 Words   |  7 PagesAffordable Care Act (ACA), often known as Obamacare, was signed by President Obama in 2010. The goal of the Act is to increase the number of individuals with health insurance to the point where all Americans are insured by providing quality healthcare at an affordable price. Despite its good intent, the ACA is not as perfect as it may appear. In this paper, I will list the main features of the Act, its pros and cons, and how it affects you as an individual and discuss the King vs. Burwell lawsuitRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )890 Words   |  4 PagesOn March 23, 2010, the Affordable Care Act which is an Obamacare, is the United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) experienced many challenges, debates, and objections until the Supreme Court rendered a final decision on individual mandate healthcare insurance to uphold the health care law on June 28, 2012. The mandate healthcare insurance for workers by employers’ obligation through a regulated marketplace of health maintenance organizations

Starbucks Facing Brand Culture Devaluation and Massive Layoffs Free Essays

Starbucks facing brand culture devaluation and massive layoffs To: Howard Schultz, Starbucks From: Yang LU, Aspire CC: Rui DONG Xiaochen DONG Vanessa BAXTER Pushpak BERIWAL Executive summary The aim of this report is to find out the deep-seated reason for this depression of Starbucks and give a recommendation to the firm to deal with it. Furthermore, this report also suggests solutions to dismiss the panic of the staff and remains the excellent performance. The key findings include: Finding 1: The over-expansion made Starbucks’ unique culture of the â€Å"Starbucks experience† devalued and seemed no difference with other fast food restaurants. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Facing Brand Culture Devaluation and Massive Layoffs or any similar topic only for you Order Now This caused employees’ less well performance and therefore it lost customers’ loyalty as well. Finding 2:The employees felt dissatisfied with the rewards and treated customers with less effort while the unacceptable massive layoffs made a panic. The recommendations suggested by this report include: Recommendation 1:â€Å"Decentralization†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Remove number of outlets away from each other and slow down the pace of opening new stores in the US or concentrate on the unexploited market space in other countries. Recommendation 2:Increasing the compensation given to the members asked to leave and suggesting them do some other suitable jobs. The firm can also make a promise that these employees would be considered first when hiring candidates in the future after the most difficult times. Furthermore, keep the employees’ payment stable and hold some activities inspiring to promote people to tide Starbucks over difficulties together. This report describes the findings after applying theories to analyse the issue which claimed the trouble that Starbucks was facing. For years, Starbucks was famous for its consistent growing and expansion. However, the both share price and sales fell even three times than before since 2008. The â€Å"Starbucks experience† (Michelle, 2007) was widely supposed to have been diluted and the customers complained that the staff seemed to be less complaisant since they found Starbucks Ubiquitous. A resource from MarketWatch: Global Round-up (2008) reported that Starbucks had been forced to close 600 US stores and axe 12,000 jobs which took almost 7% of its global workforce which had made negative effect on other employees. The aim of the report is to find out the deep-seated reason for this depression and give a recommendation to the firm to deal with it. Furthermore, this report also suggests solutions to dismiss the panic of the staff and remain the performance. Key issues identified by Aspire | Key issue| Champion| | Over-expansion caused Starbucks’ brand devaluation and massive layoffs. | Yang Lu| 2| Starbucks’ two non-payment methods of motivating employees. | Rui Dong| 3| Starbucks changed people-oriented culture into profit-oriented culture. | Xiaochen Dong| 4| Kraft foods taking Starbucks to court over the planned termination of its contract to distribute Starbucks packaged coffee. | Vanessa Baxter| 5| Starbucks is a very command and control driven compa ny which leads to very little flexibility and decision making power at certain regional stores. Pushpak Beriwal| Justification of key issues over-expansion caused culture devaluation and massive layoffs Fast-forward 20 years, Starbucks had more than 10,000 American outlets till 2008 from only 84 US stores in 1990 (Smale, 2008). This sharply increased number made Starbucks seem to be omnipresent like other fast food stores. As a result, this change took a negative effect that the members in this group feel less proud of their jobs in Starbucks which was famous for its unique culture and therefore had less passion to satisfy the customers. From Schein’s (2004) theory of culture components, Starbucks fell to the basic level of culture instead of the highest one it got before. Starbucks finally cut over 10,000 jobs which were most in the US in the last two years during the reforming and also cut the employees’ compensation and holiday (Kiley, 2009). By Maslow’s (1970) â€Å"a hierarchy of needs†, Starbucks could not make staff satisfied by the physiological needs and de-motivated other members. The dissatisfied emotion would reflect on their performance. Findings from analyzing issue over-expansion caused brand devaluation and massive layoffs Starbucks was famous for the unique culture that to give all the customers the relaxed feel and atmosphere as a third place out of home and office which called â€Å"Starbucks experience†. This culture is in the second and near the third level of the â€Å"components of cultures† with espoused beliefs and values and basic underlying assumptions which was identified by Schein (2004). Starbucks published its beliefs and values to make the members love their jobs and enjoy the experience in Starbucks to treat customers with their heart and satisfy them and to attract new members or partners to join in the group through the unique brand culture. Guided by market, Yang (2010) has provided evidence that brand culture was aims at achieving the maximization of organizations’ profits obtained and customers’ loyalty by establishing common values which could influence the movements and behavior of the members within a company based on the amalgamation of consumers’ value and company. However, the expansion without limitation made a trouble. Although the purpose at first was to make the â€Å"Starbucks experience† penetrate everywhere through the expansion, the company was making stores feel more like hip neighborhood coffeehouse which deviated from its original intention. Starbucks had lost it focus and made a dilution of the â€Å"Starbucks experience†. For the reason that the worth of a thing is best known by the want of it, the value of the culture and brand image went down. The â€Å"cannibalising† (Smale, 2008) sales between branches only a short distance from each other made employees feel less honored to work in this firm or group and the less enthusiasm to satisfy the customers came as a serious consequence. According to Schein’s (2004) theories on culture components, Starbucks only reached the first level of the components â€Å"artefacts† which observed the decorative style and visible products to survive the situation with ubiquitous competition instead of making the ustomers always come first. The â€Å"Starbucks experience† was viewed same as McDonald’s and other fast food stores who also sold coffee through such a market saturation. Organizational culture sees culture comprising a number of variables, the combination of which lead to observable differences between organizations so that a company can have power to compete with others (Barry et al. 2000). To get back what made Starbucks successful Starbucks cut a great number of stores and announced massive layoffs for reforming. However, this would make the employees undertake the responsibilities and suffer the pain. At the same time, the sudden occurrence as the adjustment in the contract with the employees is both inevitable and a source of trouble, especially it made employees feel that they expected far more than they got and worse off (Kolb et al. 1991, p. 6). According to the theory â€Å"a hierarchy of needs† which developed by Maslow (1970), individuals experience a range of needs and will be motivated to fulfill need which is most powerful at that time. The first level is physiological needs and if this need is dominant for a person they can satisfy it by having a regular job which can keep consistent. But the employees forced to leave Starbucks could not be satisfied by the basic needs. Furthermore, the firm de-motivated the left members at the same time by cutting the employees’ compensation and holiday. Vroom’s (1964) expectancy model theory of motivation explicitly recognized that outcomes with high expectations and neutral or even unsatisfied achievements would reduce the amount of effort the staff is going to invest. By understanding Vroom’s theory, the firm would get less contribution from its employees by the lower reward, which would reflect the staffs’ less enthusiasm when treating the customers. This also made every member in the firm feel upset and panicky. When the employees believed that they were not receiving payments commensurate with their performance, effort or ability then they worked less hard (Hauenstein and Lord, 1989), and became more selfish (Harder, 1992) and felt dissatisfied with their jobs in this firm (Carr et al. 1996). Conclusion To sum up, Starbucks faced the trouble that the unlimited expansion has made its famous experience culture diluted and lost a number of customers’ loyalty. To make the matter worse, a great number of layoff was claimed so that the firm also lost the loyalty of its members. The main aim of the report is to help Starbucks to revalue the culture and put Starbucks’ unique image back to high position into customers’ heart. In addition, suggestions are given to motivate employees. Culture is the soul of a firm which gives the company power to survive and compete with other business. Recommendations For the first finding that the over-expansion made Starbucks devalue the unique culture of the â€Å"Starbucks experience†, a suggestion of â€Å"decentralization† can be given. Remove number of outlets away from each other and slow down the pace of opening new stores in the US or concentrate on the unexploited market space in other countries. The other finding that the employees felt dissatisfied with the rewards and treated customers with less effort while the unacceptable massive layoffs made a panic can be solved by increasing the compensation given to the members asked to leave and suggesting them some other suitable jobs. The firm can also make a promise that these employees would be considered first when hiring candidates in the future after the most difficult times. Furthermore, keep the employees’ payment stable and hold some activities inspiring to promote people to tide Starbucks over difficulties together. Reference list MICHELLI, J. A. (2007) The Starbucks experience: 5 principles for turning ordinary into extraordinary. New York: McGraw-Hill MARKETWATCH: GLOBAL ROUND-UP. (2008) Starbucks: hoping store cuts will reinvigorate US business. WWW] MARKETWATCH. Available from: http://ehis. ebscohost. com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? hid=109amp;sid=30997753-d45f-4afd-bfc9-6c6be4a48faa%40sessionmgr111amp;vid=4 [Accessed 30/11/10]. SMALE, W. (2008) Why Starbucks’ sales have gone cold. Business reporter, BBC News, 1st Feb. SCHEIN, E. (2004) Organization Culture and Leadership. 3rd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. KILEY, D. (2009) Starbucks Cuts More Stores and Workers Amidst Recession and Lower Earnings. Bloomberg Businessweek, 28th Jan. MASLOW, A. 1970) Motivation and Personality. 2nd ed. New York: Harper ;amp; Row. YANG, Y. K. (2010) The Construction of Brand Culture Based on Corporate Culture. International Journal of Business ;amp; Management, Vol. 5 (4), pp. 223-226. BARRY, J. et al. (2000) Organization and management: a critical text. London: Thomson Learning. KOLB, D. , RUBIN, E. and OSLAND, J. (1991) Organizational Psychology. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. VROOM, V. H. (1964) Work and Motivation. New York: Wiley. HAUENSTEIN, N. M. and LORD, R. G. 1989) The effects of final offer arbitration on the performance of major league baseball players: a test of equity theory. Human Performance, 2 HARDER, J. W. (1992) Play for pay: effects of inequity in a pay for performance context. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37 CARR, S. C. et al. (1996) Effects of unreasonable pay discrepancies for under and overpayment on double demotivation. Genetic, Social and General Psych ology Monograpghs, 122 (4). BELBIN, R. M. (1993) Team Roles at Work. Oxford: Butterworth/Heinemann. Word count: 1332 words How to cite Starbucks Facing Brand Culture Devaluation and Massive Layoffs, Papers

Haematology Modern Hospitals and Clinics

Question: Discuss about case study Haematology for Modern Hospitals and Clinics. Answer: Introduction In modern hospitals and clinics, clinical automated haematology analysers have replaced the traditional manual method. The automated medical laboratory instruments designed to diagnose physiological, clinical or pathological conditions more accurate and faster, by measuring various chemicals and observe characteristics with a minimal human assistance. Basic automated haematology cell counters provide a complete count of Red blood cells, the mean red cell volume, white blood cells, the haemoglobin concentration as well as the hematocrit values. However, some conditions prevent the right measurement of biochemical or cellular indices of a full blood count and therefore the haematology analysers produce false results in several instances (Scoffin, 2014). The report deals with conditions where haematology analysers incorrectly measure FBC indices ad provides solutions to resolve them. Later a conclusion is drawn based on the discussion. In this report, a thorough literature review is per formed to support the facts. Discussion Despite the advantages of the automated haematology analyzers, there is a need of qualified clinical laboratory professionals to evaluate the results and minimise the errors. The cell counts produced by automated analyzers may have increased or decreased falsely. They are not accurate in differentiating nucleated red blood cells and the tiny platelet clumps. Sometimes the clumps of platelets are misclassified as lymphocytes, leukocytes. While sometimes, nucleated RBCs are misclassified as white blood cells and lymphocytes are classified as vulnerable (Brugnara, 2015). In the subsequent sections, different conditions, which are falsely reported by hematology analysers, are discussed. Anemia leads to decrease in RBCs, which mainly occurs due to acute haemorrhage, hemolysis, and ineffective hematopoiesis. In autoimmune haemolytic anemia RBCs are bound to antibodies, which are not well differentiated from the normal RBCs by hematalogy analysers, therefore accurate FBC is not provided (Brugnara, 2015). The Howell-jolly bodies are tiny fragmented parts of red cell nucleus appear as dark dots found in patient with splenectomies. On the other hand, Heinz bodies are formed due to G6PD deficiency where the denatured globins proteins stick to the RBC membrane. Hematology analysers are not specific in differentiation of Howell-jolly bodies and Heinz bodies. The former commonly represent platelets in structure resulting in increased count of platelets (Murphy, 2015). Microcytosis or schistocytosis are misdiagnosed due to underestimation of RBCs as the lower threshold of RBC counting window is greater than microcyte size. Thalassemia trait and anemia are common causes of micr ocytosis (Ozcelik et al., 2012). In addition, Cold agglutinins is the condition characterised by higher concentration of IgM targeted against RBCs also called as cold-reacting autoabntibodies. It is also known as autoimmune haemolytic anemia. When the RBC doublets and triplets increase the volume of the cell, RBCs are estimated as macrocytosis and are misdiagnosed as cold agglutinins (Urrechaga et al., 2013). Most haematologists misdiagnose Gauchers disease as patients can be presented with any combination of thrombocytpenia and anemia (Burnett et al., 2016). This disease is mostly misdiagnosed as leukaemia and multiple myeloma. Thrombocytopenia is the abnormally deficiency of platelet count in the blood. This condition occurs because of a separate disorder (Shihabi, 2006). A few paradigms are acute leukemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, cirrhosis, myelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia (Gersten, 2016). The automated analyzers may underestimate the platelet count in such thrombocytopenic specimens and result to misdiagnosis, due to platelet clumping, the aggregates may be identified as leukocyte (Murphy, 2015). Moreover, cryoglobulinemia occurs in a high rate in autoimmune disorders such as, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and infectious disorders such as, multiple myeloma and hepatitis C infection (Fujino et al., 2013). Cryoglobilins precipitate wh en the body temperature is low, therefore the protein precipitates will be identified as platelets in the analyzer and result in a pseudo-thrombocytopenia (Shihabi, 2006). Furthermore, acute leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and viral infections may erroneously lower white blood cells. This phenomenon is believed to be caused from the increased fragility of leukocytes, including immature forms. In addition, cryoproteins, heparin, paraproteins, giant platelets, nucleated RBCs, platelet clumping and incomplete red cell lysis can falsely elevate WBC count by increasing significantly the rate. Moreover, the etiology of inauthentic decrease in WBC count owns to the fact of smudge cells, clotting, uremia and immunosuppressants (Wilkins, 2003). Conclusively, new advanced haematology analysers are essential which can eliminate these limitations of traditional analysers. This misdiagnosis will result in increased death rate due to delayed treatment and severe medical errors. Figure: 1 Disorders reducing the accuracy of cell count (Source: www.aafp.org) Solutions to resolve the conditions The modern haematology analysers are more advance and are developed to minimise the errors caused by false reports generated by traditional analysers. The new VCSn technology incorporated in the latest haematology analysers allows several cell measurements in addition to volume and conductivity (Fujino et al., 2013). These analysers are capable of accessing data from multiple histograms. The information can be used in multiple combinations and dozens of histograms can be generated. It assists in better differentiation of various components of cells. The new analysers containing the VCSn data can be used across several modules including differential, reticulocyte and nRBC modules which improves counting and detection of important cellular elements. These are found to have greater accuracy and precise CBC-diff (Chaves, 2016). In addition, new analysers are equipped with algorithms employing the data fusion technology (Chaves, 2016). This allows the combination of multiple sources of information collected from different modules and identification of patterns indicating the presence of cellular elements, which was not possible using analysers that uses single module (Brugnara, 2015). This minimises the samples being flagged for the interfering particle therefore accurate results are obtained in a first attempt. New analysers provide several histograms with the help of two of the new angles of light scatter such as Axial light loss (AL2) and low angle light scatter (RLALS). This are applicable in nRBC count and can differentiate the causes of several cellular interference in the WBC count such as nRBCs, giant platetlets, platelet aggregation, intra-cellular parasites. The data fusion technology eliminates the requirement of manual labour of sample review and professionals to correct the WBC count (See figure 1 below). This functions because giant platelets are recognised by platelet measurement information and NRBC module and the WBC algorithm correlates this with detected interference. According to (Wu, J., Buhl Vacca, 2015) polarised light measurement are accurate in differentiating neutrophils and eosinophils. Eosinophils are able to disturb the polarisation of the laser beam. Use of fluorescence by nuclear stains have accelerated with the advancement in optical technology advance and found to be highly efficient in enumeration of nucleated RBCs. In addition, the platelet analysis has been found to be less prone to interference. It was found from the study of Zhao et al., (2014), that multi-angle light scatter and florescent dyes have been a great success in enhancing the differentiation of giant platelets and RBCs fragments. Figure: 1 Figure: 2 Laser light scattering technique (Source: www.anlyticondiagnostic.com) New advanced Automated haematology analysers use multi-purpose reagent system (Kuang et al., 2015). The blood cell lysing reagents allows enumeration of WBCs by removing the RBCs. It can also determine the hemaoglobin without the use of toxic cyanide anion. The blood diluting reagents improves the counting properties by enhancing the size of the blood specimens and stabilising the cellular volume and integrity for long duration. The second lysing reagents assist in differential determination of WBCs into classes based on functionality and size. This reagent is mainly isotonic blood diluters, and haemoglobin converters. The advanced automated haematology analysers use lysing reagents along with a companion quenching which differentiates blood cells according to the size based on conductivity/opacity d.c. impedence volume and light scatter measurements. These reagents greatly reduce the limitations of the previous automated analysers and provide better diagnostic aid. The combination o f the reagent formulation improves the calibrations by providing the scattergrams of WBCs well delineated and confined to the analyser software (Krockenberger et al., 2014). Conclusion Automated haematology analysers designed to achieve operational efficiency and clinical effectiveness in the laboratories by conserving time, cost and produce more precise and accurate results. Physicians can make better clinical decisions by ensuring the correct calibrations of haematology instruments. Despite this sophistication, to improve the laboratory operations and significantly optimize the patients care, the automated methods should always be validated by manual microscopic blood examination, especially when blood cell morphology and differential leukocyte count is associated (Samuel O, 2010). The peer-reviewed article has not yet confirmed any pitfalls of the VCS technology. The error prone area is mainly the pre-analytical stage. The limitation of the multipurpose reagent system is the removal of toxicity of the components which otherwise will result in destabilisation of the haematology analysis system. References Brugnara, C. (2015).Automated Hematology Analyzers: State of the Art, An Issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine(Vol. 35, No. 1). Elsevier Health Sciences. Burnett, A. E., Bowles, H., Borrego, M. E., Montoya, T. N., Garcia, D. A., Mahan, C. (2016). Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: reducing misdiagnosis via collaboration between an inpatient anticoagulation pharmacy service and hospital reference laboratory.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 1-8. Chaves, F. (2016). Technological advances in todays hematology analyzers: how they address common laboratory challenges | MLO. Mlo-online.com. Retrieved 2 September 2016, from https://www.mlo-online.com/technological-advances-in-todays-hematology-analyzers-how-they-address-common-laboratory-challenges.php Fujino, Y., Nakamura, Y., Matsumoto, H., Fukushima, K., Takahashi, M., Ohno, K., Tsujimoto, H. (2013). Development and evaluation of a novel in-clinic automated hematology analyzer, ProCyte Dx, for canine erythrocyte indices, leukogram, platelet counts and reticulocyte counts.The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,75(11), 1519. Gersten, T. (2016, 2 12). Thrombocytopenia. Retrieved from MedlinePlus: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000586.htm Greer, J. P. (2008). Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, Volume 1. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins . Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=68enzUD7BVgCpg=PA6lpg=PA6dq=hyperosmolarity+cause+automatic+analysers+to+produce+false+resultssource=blots=fFJPhJSa0ysig=uoSl1Mvz3JFCn_Q21fO3DDcu8X4hl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjctam_r97OAhXCGJQKHWu6DXMQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepa Krockenberger, M., Wu, J., Roemer, B., Vacca, G. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,906,309. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Kuang, Y., Zhang, B., Xu, B., Shao, J., Lei, T., Zhang, L. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 8,940,499. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Murphy, J. (2015, June ). The Immune System and Its Link to Rheumatic Disease. Retrieved from American College of Rheumatology: https://www.rheumatology.org/I-Am-A/Patient-Caregiver/Diseases-Conditions/Living-Well-with-Rheumatic-Disease/The-Immune-System-Its-Link-to-Rheumatic-Disease Ozcelik, F., Arslan, E., Serdar, M. A., Yiginer, O., Oztosun, M., Kayadibi, H., Kurt, I. (2012). A useful method for the detection of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-and cold agglutinin-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia.The American journal of the medical sciences,344(5), 357-362. Samuel O, T. N. (2010, April 23). Comparison of haematological parameters determined by the Sysmex KX - 2IN automated haematology analyzer and the manual counts. Retrieved from BioMed Central: https://bmcclinpathol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6890-10-3 Scoffin, K. (2014, May 23). Hematology AnalyzersFrom Complete Blood Counts to Cell Morphology. Retrieved from labcompare: https://www.labcompare.com/10-Featured-Articles/162042-Hematology-Analyzers-From-Complete-Blood-Counts-to-Cell-Morphology/ Shihabi, Z. K. (2006). Cryoglobulins: An Important but Neglected Clinical Test. Retrieved from Annals of Clinical Laboratory Science: https://www.annclinlabsci.org/content/36/4/395.long Urrechaga, E., Izquierdo, S., Escanero, J. F. (2013). Microcytic anemia still a health problem in the third millennium.Intern J Transl Comm Med,2, 1-3. Wilkins, L. W. (2003). Blood: Principles and Practice of Hematology, Volume 1 (Vol. 1). Philadelphia. Wu, J., Buhl, M. R., Vacca, G. (2015).U.S. Patent Application No. 14/808,211. Zhao, Y., Lei, T., Zhao, Y., Xu, B. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,685,661. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.